Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the bladder. It can vary in severity from superficial tumors to more invasive cancers. Here's an overview of key aspects related to bladder cancer

Types of Bladder Cancer:

Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC): The most common type, originating in the cells lining the bladder.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Less common in the U.S., often linked to chronic irritation or infection.
Adenocarcinoma: Rare, develops in glandular cells in the bladder lining.
Small Cell Carcinoma: A rare and aggressive form of bladder cancer.

Risk Factors:

1. Smoking: Significantly increases risk.
2. Chemical Exposure: Particularly to certain industrial chemicals.
3. Chronic Irritation: Long-term irritation or inflammation of the bladder.
4. Family History: A family history of bladder cancer.
5. Age and Gender: More common in older adults and men.

Treatment:

1. Surgery: To remove tumors or, in some cases, the entire bladder (cystectomy).
2. Chemotherapy: Drugs used to kill cancer cells, administered systemically or directly into the bladder.
3. Radiation Therapy: Uses high-energy rays to target cancer cells.
4. Immunotherapy: Uses the body’s immune system to fight cancer, often through drugs or vaccines.
5. Biologic Therapy: Involves using substances made from living organisms to treat cancer.