Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer, which includes cancers of the colon and rectum, is a common type of cancer that can develop from polyps or abnormal growths in the lining of the colon or rectum. It often starts as a small, benign polyp that over time becomes cancerous. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes.

Prevention and Screening:

Regular Screenings: Recommended starting at age 45, or earlier if there are risk factors. Screenings can detect cancer early when it is most treatable.
Healthy Lifestyle: Eating a diet high in fiber, low in red and processed meats, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol use.

Risk Factors:

1. Age: Risk increases with age, especially after 50.
2. Family History: Having a family history of colorectal cancer or polyps can increase risk.
3. Personal History: Previous colorectal cancer or polyps, or a history of inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.
4. Genetic Factors: Certain inherited conditions, such as Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP).
5. Lifestyle Factors: High-fat, low-fiber diet, smoking, and heavy alcohol use.
6. Obesity: Being overweight or obese can increase the risk.

Treatment:

1. Surgery: To remove the tumor and possibly part of the surrounding tissue or affected sections of the colon or rectum.
2. Chemotherapy: Drugs used to kill cancer cells, often used after surgery to eliminate any remaining cancer cells or if surgery isn’t an option.
3. Radiation Therapy: May be used to target and kill cancer cells, often in combination with chemotherapy, particularly for rectal cancer.
4. Targeted Therapy: Drugs that target specific pathways involved in cancer cell growth.
5. Immunotherapy: Helps the body’s immune system recognize and fight cancer cells.